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Constipation and Fecal Impaction--an odyssey

Constipation is apparently not interesting. Even the large bowel is apparently too boring to have a presence on the internet. On Amazon I found a lovely volume by several experts published in 1992 about the large intestine in health and disease, but it is out of print. I suspect there are researchers even now figuring out amazing things regarding bowel function, especially with increasing belief in the importance of the intestinal microbiome. The neurology of the gut is fascinating. How exactly does food that is chewed and swallowed transit through a flexible tube, get stripped of its water and nutrients and eventually depart the body as perfect little packages of indigestables, fats and bacteria?  Not to say that they completely failed to teach this subject in medical school. I definitely remember stuff about digestive enzymes and acid secretion in the stomach, the presence of bile in the small intestine aiding in fat absorption, semipermeable membranes, the portal vein which tran...

AI -- what it can and can't do for medicine

  Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been on the edge of my consciousness as a great hope for solving many of the problems in clinical medicine for maybe a decade. In 2011 IBM created a program called Watson which was able to answer questions in plain English and search data sources for answers quickly enough that it beat 2 humans in a game of Jeopardy. After its success in a game show, the program was used to make a chatbot to help people buy diamonds, to write recipes for Bon Appetit and by various financial firms to increase profits. It also has healthcare applications, including diagnosis and treatment recommendations as well as decision support for imaging. But that's just Watson, which isn't the big name in AI right now. ChatGPT came out in 2018 and by 2021 it was available to users. Last year I signed up for it and used it a little bit for what it seemed to be good for. I tried asking it questions, mainly medical ones, and I used it a little bit to generate text to explai...